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Thursday, December 18, 2014

U.S.-Cuba deal: What the two sides get out of it


A vintage car drives by a mural showing Cuba's former leader Fidel Castro in Havana

President Barack Obama has inverted U.S. policy on Cuba. His Wednesday speech adopted the proposals of those who have spent a half-century arguing for a rethinking of Cuba policy. The president recognized Washington’s failure to achieve its goal of bringing political and economic openness to Cuba.
Rather than continue its quarantine, Washington is seeking more exchanges with the island nation, more trade, more communication, more cooperation. True, the embargo’s legal framework, including the Helms-Burton Act, remains a roadblock. But the president has ample authority to diminish and bypass its restrictions when that would clearly serve U.S. interests.
Years before this major announcement, Obama had already lifted some restrictions, making it easier for Cubans living in the United States to send money and communicate with their families back home.
There will be powerful opponents to the president’s action, including all three Cuban-American U.S. senators and a handful of Cuban-American House members, though it is unlikely they will have much success at mobilizing strong public opposition. Polls show that most Americans and a significant number of Cuban-Americans — especially second- and third-generation — support increasing normalization. The elected officials, however, may have sufficient influence to secure a congressional resolution condemning the president’s action — though this would have little actual impact.
Cuba's President Raoul Castro speaks to the nation via public television in Havana
The more Cuba demonstrates a genuine willingness to permit freedom of expression, end its harsh punishment of dissent, avoid overt violations of human rights and expand economic opportunities, the easier it will be for Obama — or any other U.S. president — to continue a policy of normalization.
It is on this issue, however, that there is strong concern. Unlike Obama’s speech, which emphasized policy change, the remarks of Cuban President Raul Castro, who addressed his nation at the same time, focused more on what would remain unchanged in Cuba.
The Cubans did release U.S. citizen Alan Gross. But they would have done that any time since his arrest — if the United States had agreed to turn over the Cuban prisoners it released today. Havana also released a U.S. intelligence asset who had been in jailed for roughly two decades, and freed about 50 jailed dissidents. There are no guarantees, however, that Cuba is ready to tolerate dissent or that new arrests will not follow. Castro offered no decisive policy shifts. Let’s hope they will be forthcoming.
So, what does the United States get out of the reversal of its decades-old policy?
Washington gains enhanced credibility — worldwide and, more important, in Latin America. Year after year, the U.S. embargo on Cuba is vehemently denounced in the United Nations General Assembly, with the U.S. position supported by only one or two votes.
Every country in the Western Hemisphere without exception has regularly urged Washington to lift its embargo. How believable could Washington’s commitment to multilateralism and regional partnership be when all 32 Latin American and Caribbean nations objected to Cuba’s continuing exclusion from all Western Hemisphere leaders’ summit meetings?
A woman walks past a bicycle taxi with the U.S. and Cuban flags in Havana
Indeed, the decision by those leaders to invite Castro to next year’s hemispheric summit in Panama may have helped precipitate Obama’s policy turnaround.
The Obama administration’s decision may also bolster the world’s perception of Washington’s commitment to democracy. Political leaders and analysts across the globe have questioned the U.S. support because they view the embargo as helping to sustain Cuba’s repressive regime.
Historians will someday note that Obama has taken steps to realign U.S. policies on three issues that have vexed Latin America for many years — Cuba, the war on drugs and immigration.
Cuba, however, is seeking more material gains.
Maybe it is a coincidence that the U.S.-Cuba agreement announced today comes as Venezuela’s economy is reeling because of mismanagement and the steep decline in oil prices. The Cuban economy depends heavily on transfers from Venezuela — perhaps as much as $5 billion per year. The United States is probably the only possible substitute if the Venezuelan flow of capital were to stop.
Already, Cuba may be receiving $2 billion a year in remittances from Cuban-Americans in the United States and perhaps a billion more from trade and tourism. A rapprochement between the two countries would only multiply those figures.
Obama and Castro both expressed an interest in a more prosperous Cuba. They do not, however, claim a common concern about Cuban democracy.

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